Acorus calamus

Common Names: calamus

Ethnobotanical Studies

Boreal Forest, Canada

Uses: Circulatory system disorders, Cough, cold and sore throat, Dermatological infections, Diabetes, Earache, deafness, ear irritation, Fever, Gastro-intestinal disorders, General health, Gynaecological problems, Headache, Injuries, Musculoskeletal disorders, Nervous system disorders, Nutritional disorders, Odontological problems, Ophthalmological disorders, Pregnancy, child birth, puerperium, Respiratory system disorders, Venereal diseases
DOI:
10.1186/1746-4269-8-7
PubMed:
22289509

Studies

Therapeutic Evaluation of Unani Medicine, Including Single Drugs and Polyherbal Formulations with Special Reference to Neurodegenerative Disorders.

Summary

Unani remedies offer safer alternatives to conventional drugs for treating neurodegenerative disorders, with evidence supporting their efficacy in alleviating symptoms and providing neuroprotective benefits from natural phytoconstituents.

Neuroscience
Imran S, Ahmad W and Saltanat S (2024).
Altern Ther Health Med.
PubMed:
39212516

The effects of polypropylene microplastics on the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from water by Acorus calamus, Iris tectorum and functional microorganisms.

Zhao Y et al (2024).
Chemosphere.
DOI:
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143153
PubMed:
39197682

Kazakhstan Has an Unexpected Diversity of Medicinal Plants of the Genus Acorus (Acoraceae) and Could Be a Cradle of the Triploid Species A. calamus.

Sokoloff DD et al (2024).
Plants (Basel).
DOI:
10.3390/plants13141978
PubMed:
39065505

Genome-wide characterization and expression profiling of the HD-ZIP gene family in Acoraceae under salinity and cold stress.

Genetics
Zhang D et al (2024).
Front Plant Sci.
DOI:
10.3389/fpls.2024.1372580
PubMed:
38736444

Acorus calamus L. rhizome extract and its bioactive fraction exhibits antibacterial effect by modulating membrane permeability and fatty acid composition.

Kongkham B, Duraivadivel P and Hariprasad P (2024).
J Ethnopharmacol.
DOI:
10.1016/j.jep.2024.118323
PubMed:
38729535

Carbon slow-release and enhanced nitrogen removal performance of plant residue-based composite filler and ecological mechanisms in constructed wetland application.

Li Z et al (2024).
Bioresour Technol.
DOI:
10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130795
PubMed:
38705213

Acorus calamus Linn.: A novel neuroprotective approach for traumatic brain injury in Drosophila melanogaster.

Summary

Researchers studied novel therapies that target specific pathways involved in secondary injury progression following TBI. Understanding these pathways may lead to improved treatments that can halt ongoing damage, reducing mortality and morbidity associated with TBI.

Neuroscience
Kalra S et al (2024).
Brain Res.
DOI:
10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148953
PubMed:
38643931

Exploring Anticancer Properties of Medicinal Plants against Breast Cancer by Downregulating Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2.

Summary

Various medicinal plants show promising anticancer activity against HER2-positive breast cancer cells by reducing HER2 expression, altering proteome profile, and containing multiple anticancer compounds. Potential innovative therapies for HER2-positive breast cancer.

Cancer
Gupta S et al (2024).
J Agric Food Chem.
DOI:
10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07565
PubMed:
38624258

Free Radical Scavenging, Anti-inflammatory and Antibacterial Activity of Acorus calamus Leaves Extract Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.

Immunology
Haran P, Shanmugam R and Deenadayalan P (2024).
Cureus.
DOI:
10.7759/cureus.55987
PubMed:
38606241

Greenhouse gases emissions and carbon budget estimation in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands with different plant species.

Hu S et al (2024).
Sci Total Environ.
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172296
PubMed:
38588732

Cryopreservation and assessment of genetic fidelity Acorus calamus Linn., an endangered medicinal plant.

Parasher K et al (2024).
Cryo Letters.
PubMed:
38557991

Screening for Active Compounds of Acorus calamus against SARS-CoV-2 Viral Protease and Mechanism Prediction.

Summary

Researchers found potential antiviral compounds from traditional Chinese medicine that showed inhibitory effects on SARS-CoV-2 proteases. Compound 1,5,7-guaiane-4,10-diol-6-one demonstrated the best inhibitory activity. These findings could lead to the development of new antiviral treatments for COVID-19.

COVID-19
Huang Y et al (2024).
Pharmaceuticals (Basel).
DOI:
10.3390/ph17030325
PubMed:
38543111

The efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine for mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials.

Summary

TL;DR: Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) shows potential in improving cognitive function for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, supported by moderate evidence. Most studies had some bias concerns, but CHM was generally safe with common gastrointestinal side effects.

Neuroscience
Liu L et al (2024).
Front Pharmacol.
DOI:
10.3389/fphar.2024.1341074
PubMed:
38425647

Apoptosis induction capability of silver nanoparticles capped with Acorus calamus L. and Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Ex DC. against lung carcinoma cells.

Thakkar AB et al (2024).
Heliyon.
DOI:
10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24400
PubMed:
38304770

Nitrogen removal performance and mechanisms of three aquatic plants for farmland tail water purification.

Zhang SY et al (2024).
Sci Total Environ.
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170524
PubMed:
38296062

Assessing the efficacy and mechanisms of glycol-contaminated water treatment through floating treatment wetlands.

Lyu T et al (2023).
Water Sci Technol.
DOI:
10.2166/wst.2023.389
PubMed:
38096066

Insecticidal toxicity of essential oil of Nepalese Acorus calamus (Acorales:Acoraceae) against Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera:Curculionidae).

Summary

Sweet flag oil from the rhizome has insecticidal properties against maize weevils, causing faster mortality and repelling them. Treated maize had reduced weight loss and grain damage, but health effects are uncertain, requiring additional testing.

Phytochemistry
Aryal S et al (2023).
Heliyon.
DOI:
10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22130
PubMed:
38045125

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alter rhizosphere fungal community characteristics of Acorus calamus to improve Cr resistance.

Xia G et al (2023).
PeerJ.
DOI:
10.7717/peerj.15681
PubMed:
37953782

Antioxidative and neuroprotective potential of Acorus calamus linn. and Cordia dichotoma G. Forst. In Alzheimer's type dementia in rodent.

Summary

The researchers tested plant extracts of Acorus calamus and Cordia dichotoma on mice with Alzheimer's-like symptoms caused by scopolamine. The extracts improved behavioral and biochemical parameters, indicating potential for treating cognitive disorders and neurodegenerative diseases.

Neuroscience
Malik R et al (2023).
Brain Res.
DOI:
10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148616
PubMed:
37793605

Exploring synergistic effects in physical-chemical activation of Acorus calamus for water treatment solutions.

Barczak B et al (2023).
J Environ Manage.
DOI:
10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119000
PubMed:
37776800

Plant derived active compounds of ayurvedic neurological formulation, Saraswatharishta as a potential dual leucine zipper kinase inhibitor: an in-silico study.

Koirala S et al (2023).
J Biomol Struct Dyn.
DOI:
10.1080/07391102.2023.2260892
PubMed:
37771163

Role of Acorus calamus in preventing depression, anxiety, and oxidative stress in long-term socially isolated rats.

Summary

Study found that social isolation stress and individual housing cause cognitive issues and psychiatric diseases. Acorus calamus (AC) has potential therapeutic value for neurological disorders. This study examined AC's antidepressant and antioxidative effects on rats subjected to long-term social isolation stress.

ImmunologyNeuroscience
Rai AR et al (2023).
Vet World.
DOI:
10.14202/vetworld.2023.1755-1764
PubMed:
37766700

Anti-inflammatory compounds from the rhizome of Acorus calamus var. angustatus Besser and their mechanism.

Summary

Seven compounds were isolated from the rhizome of a medicinal plant. They showed anti-inflammatory activity by increasing GSH-PX and SOD levels and decreasing MDA, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels. Compound 4 had the strongest anti-inflammatory effect and may inhibit Beclin-1-dependent autophagy.

Immunology
Huang L et al (2023).
Nat Prod Res.
DOI:
10.1080/14786419.2023.2255919
PubMed:
37688474

Aquatic plant root exudates: A source of disinfection byproduct precursors in constructed wetlands.

Summary

This study analyzed plant root extracts to understand their potential to form disinfection byproducts in drinking water. One extract had a higher potential, and tannins were identified as important precursors. This information improves water treatment processes and water quality. (Roughly 100 characters)

Antimicrobial
Pi J et al (2023).
Sci Total Environ.
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165590
PubMed:
37474067

Phenolic secondary metabolites from Acorus calamus (Acorales: Acoraceae) rhizomes: the feeding deterrents for Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

Phytochemistry
Kumrungsee N et al (2023).
J Econ Entomol.
DOI:
10.1093/jee/toad135
PubMed:
37441739

Comparison of the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles and extract of Acorus calamus applied topically on surgical wounds inflicted on the skin of rabbits.

Abbas A et al (2023).
Pol J Vet Sci.
DOI:
10.24425/pjvs.2023.145035
PubMed:
37389426

Concept of dementia (Nisy ā n) in Unani system of medicine and scientific validation of an important Unani pharmacopoeial preparation 'Majoon Vaj' for its management: a review.

Summary

This review examines the Unani system's understanding of dementia, focusing on phytochemistry, nootropic, and CNS activities. It suggests potential directions for future research and enhances our understanding of dementia.

Neuroscience
Aleem M and Khan MI (2023).
J Complement Integr Med.
DOI:
10.1515/jcim-2021-0447
PubMed:
37384842

Isolation, identification, and characterization of α- asarone, from hydromethanolic leaf extract of Acorus calamus L. and its apoptosis-inducing mechanism in A549 cells.

Thakkar AB et al (2023).
J Biomol Struct Dyn.
DOI:
10.1080/07391102.2023.2227712
PubMed:
37357434

Chemical constituents from Acorus calamus with potent anti-diabetic and hepatoprotective activities.

Summary

Scientists isolated and identified new compounds from Acorus calamus Linn. rhizomes. Compound 5 showed significant GK activating activity and compound 3 exhibited moderate hepatoprotective effects. Structural insights were investigated through molecular docking.

Diabetes
Hao Z et al (2023).
Fitoterapia.
DOI:
10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105591
PubMed:
37343685

Acorus calamus recycled as an additional carbon source in a microbial fuel cell-constructed wetland for enhanced nitrogen removal.

Tao M et al (2023).
Bioresour Technol.
DOI:
10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129324
PubMed:
37315619

β-asarone inhibits the migration, invasion, and EMT of bladder cancer through activating ER stress.

Summary

A study investigated the potential anticancer effects of β-asarone (β-as) on bladder cancer (BCa). β-as is a compound derived from Acorus calamus. Previous research has shown its efficacy against various human cancers. However, its impact on BCa remained unexplored. The results of the study shed light on the therapeutic potential of β-as in treating BCa, providing new avenues for cancer treatment and offering hope to patients.

Cancer
Liu B et al (2023).
Cancer Med.
DOI:
10.1002/cam4.6059
PubMed:
37306628

Commiphora mukul (Hook. ex Stocks) Engl.: Historical records, application rules, phytochemistry, pharmacology, clinical research, and adverse reaction.

Summary

The herb Commiphora mukul has been used for centuries to treat various health conditions. It has potential medicinal and commercial value and should be studied more.

Review Phytochemistry
Garang Z et al (2023).
J Ethnopharmacol.
DOI:
10.1016/j.jep.2023.116717
PubMed:
37301302

Proteomics and transcriptomics explore the effect of mixture of herbal extract on diabetic wound healing process.

Summary

This study explores the potential use of a mixture of five herbal extracts in treating diabetic foot ulcers. Current methods are expensive and have limitations.

DiabetesGenetics
Liu Y et al (2023).
Phytomedicine.
DOI:
10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154892
PubMed:
37267693

Effect of Jiawei Tongqiao Huoxue decoction in basilar artery dolichoectasia mice through yes-associated protein/transcriptional Co-activator with PDZ-binding motif pathway.

Liu FX et al (2023).
J Ethnopharmacol.
DOI:
10.1016/j.jep.2023.116599
PubMed:
37149070

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alter rhizosphere bacterial community characteristics to improve Cr tolerance of Acorus calamus.

Wei Z et al (2023).
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf.
DOI:
10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114652
PubMed:
36822059

Removal of ammonia nitrogen from black and odorous water by macrophytes based on laboratory microcosm experiments.

Huangfu S et al (2023).
RSC Adv.
DOI:
10.1039/d2ra06930j
PubMed:
36756402

Insecticidal and Detoxification Enzyme Inhibition Activities of Essential Oils for the Control of Pulse Beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) and Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae).

Phytochemistry
Gupta H et al (2023).
Molecules.
DOI:
10.3390/molecules28020492
PubMed:
36677552

Simultaneous treatment of chromium-containing wastewater and electricity generation using a plant cathode-sediment microbial fuel cell: investigation of associated mechanism and influencing factors.

Wu Q et al (2023).
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int.
DOI:
10.1007/s11356-023-25162-x
PubMed:
36627429

Advances in extraction methods, chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, molecular targets and toxicology of volatile oil from Acorus calamus var. angustatus Besser.

Review
Bai D et al (2022).
Front Pharmacol.
DOI:
10.3389/fphar.2022.1004529
PubMed:
36545308

Chinese traditional formula Kaixin San suppressed ferroptosis of hippocampal neurons and cardiomyocytes in mice with paradoxical sleep deprivation.

Summary

Kaixin San (KXS) is a traditional Chinese medicine used for emotion-thought diseases. Researchers investigated whether it benefits hippocampal neurons and myocardial cells of mice with paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) and its mechanism. KXS was found to effectively improve PSD-induced damage to the hippocampus and myocardium, likely due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. These findings suggest KXS may be a potential treatment for sleep deprivation-related diseases.

CardiologyNeuroscience
Cao Y et al (2023).
J Ethnopharmacol.
DOI:
10.1016/j.jep.2022.116034
PubMed:
36529245

Anti-malarial investigation of Acorus calamus, Dichapetalum gelonioides, and Leucas aspera on Plasmodium falciparum strains.

Zamil MF et al (2022).
J Infect Dev Ctries.
DOI:
10.3855/jidc.16741
PubMed:
36449650

The Neuroprotective Role of Acorus calamus in Developmental and Histopathological Changes in Autism-Induced Wistar Rats.

Summary

Researchers created a rat model of autism by administering a drug called sodium valproate to pregnant rats on the 12th day of pregnancy. They then gave an ethanolic extract of Withania somnifera, a medicinal plant, to some of the rat pups in the autism-induced group. After 15 days of the drug exposure, the rats were sacrificed, and their brain tissue was collected for histopathological analysis. Results showed that autism-induced rat pups showed delayed appearance of neurological reflexes and neurodegenerative changes were observed in group II. However, group III (autism treated with the plant extract) did not show significant alteration, suggesting that the plant extract protected against autism pathology.

Neuroscience
Ukkirapandian K et al (2022).
Cureus.
DOI:
10.7759/cureus.29717
PubMed:
36340563

Influence of glyphosate and its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid on aquatic plants in different ecological niches.

Qu M et al (2022).
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf.
DOI:
10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114155
PubMed:
36206639

Identification and characterization of three nearly identical linalool/nerolidol synthase from Acorus calamus.

Ibdah M et al (2022).
Phytochemistry.
DOI:
10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113318
PubMed:
35872238

α-Asarone alleviates allergic asthma by stabilizing mast cells through inhibition of ERK/JAK2-STAT3 pathway.

Immunology
Bai H et al (2023).
Biofactors.
DOI:
10.1002/biof.1879
PubMed:
35861676

Purification, characterization and larvicidal activity of a potent bioactive compound asarone from leaves of Acorus calamus against the culician larval mosquitoes.

Nithya K et al (2022).
Parasitol Int.
DOI:
10.1016/j.parint.2022.102620
PubMed:
35792323

Dereplication approach for the first time isolation of tatarinowin a and pentadecanoic acid from Acorus calamus L. by using GC-MS.

Kumar C et al (2023).
Nat Prod Res.
DOI:
10.1080/14786419.2022.2061482
PubMed:
35382654

Bacillus thuringiensis A1 improve phenol tolerance and phytoextraction by Acorus calamus L.

Fu G et al (2022).
Int J Phytoremediation.
DOI:
10.1080/15226514.2021.2025040
PubMed:
35015613

EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOSED HERBAL EXTRACT IN THE TREATMENT OF GINGIVITIS AND ORAL AND PHARYNGEAL MUCOSA - REVIEW OF STUDIES.

Review
Schönknecht K, Surdacka A and Rudenko L (2021).
Wiad Lek.
PubMed:
34459780

Acorus calamus extract and its component α-asarone attenuate murine hippocampal neuronal cell death induced by l-glutamate and tunicamycin.

Summary

Researchers investigated the effects of Acorus calamus (an Asian medicinal plant) and its component α-asarone on cell death in hippocampal HT22 cells due to oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Both A. calamus extract and α-asarone were found to reduce cell death induced by oxidative and ER stress, as well as decrease reactive oxygen species production induced by oxidative stress. Additionally, they suppressed the phosphorylation of PERK signaling induced by ER stress, indicating their potential therapeutic use for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's.

Neuroscience
Mikami M et al (2021).
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem.
DOI:
10.1093/bbb/zbaa071
PubMed:
33589895

Ayurvedic Medicine for the Treatment of Dementia: Mechanistic Aspects.

Review
Farooqui AA et al (2018).
Evid Based Complement Alternat Med.
DOI:
10.1155/2018/2481076
PubMed:
29861767

Acorus calamus: a bio-reserve of medicinal values.

Review
Khwairakpam AD et al (2018).
J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol.
DOI:
10.1515/jbcpp-2016-0132
PubMed:
29389665

Acorus calamus Linn.: phytoconstituents and bactericidal property.

Joshi RK et al (2016).
World J Microbiol Biotechnol.
DOI:
10.1007/s11274-016-2124-2
PubMed:
27562598

Acorus calamus (The Healing Plant): a review on its medicinal potential, micropropagation and conservation.

Review
Sharma V, Singh I and Chaudhary P (2014).
Nat Prod Res.
DOI:
10.1080/14786419.2014.915827
PubMed:
24824923