Researchers investigated the effects of muscimol, a compound derived from mushrooms and a potent GABA receptor agonist that reduces anxiety and induces sleep, on fly behavior. They developed a cost-effective method for feeding adult flies muscimol and quantifying the phenotypes of "resting" and "grooming+walking". By using this method, researchers can study the effects of small molecules on fly behavior.
The mushroom Amanita muscaria, historically used as a fly poison, contains four hallucinogenic compounds. Eastern Siberian shamans have used it as a hallucinogen and inebriant. Henry Dale and Otto Loewi discovered that muscarine was not the transmitter at parasympathetic nerve endings, but acetylcholine was. The receptor is called cholinergic or muscarinic. This knowledge has helped develop drugs like pilocarpine and ipratropium that are used for glaucoma and lung diseases.