A species of gall midge called Pumilomyia protrahenda was discovered in 2008 on Artemisia arborescens plants in Sicily. This species had not been seen since 1918. Researchers used detailed analysis of the midge's morphological features to determine that it is a member of the genus Rhopalomyia. The genus Pumilomyia is now considered a synonym under Rhopalomyia. The researchers also provided a detailed re-description of Rhopalomyia protrahenda's physical characteristics. The midges can complete several generations on their host plants between January and May in Sicily. While the host plant has a distribution throughout the Mediterranean, the gall midge is only known to exist in Sicily.