Ceratonia siliqua

Common Names: carob, St. John's bread

Ethnobotanical Studies

Clinical Trials

Effects of Ganoderma lucidum and Ceratonia siliqua on blood glucose, lipid profile, and body composition in women with fibromyalgia.

This study evaluated the effects of Ganoderma lucidum and Ceratonia siliqua on blood parameters and anthropometric measures in women with fibromyalgia. The results did not show any significant differences, suggesting these supplements may not be effective. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Pazzi F et al (2021).
Nutr Hosp.
PubMed:
33319566

Studies

Co-administration of Ceratonia siliqua extract nanoparticles promotes the oral bioavailability and neurotherapeutic efficacy of donepezil in a dementia model.

Summary

Researchers studied how carob extract and silver nanoparticles loaded with carob extract interact with the drug donepezil-HCl in treating dementia. Important for understanding potential herb-drug interactions in dementia treatment.

Shaker SE et al (2024).
J Pharm Pharmacol.
PubMed:
39046816

Fattening Pigs with Tannin-Rich Source (Ceratonia siliqua L.) and High Doses of Vitamin E: Effects on Growth Performance, Economics, Digestibility, Physiology, and Behaviour.

Bottegal DN et al (2024).
Animals (Basel).
PubMed:
38997967

Anthelmintic effects of some medicinal plants on different life stages of Fasciola hepatica: Evidence on oxidative stress biomarkers, and DNA damage.

Allahyari M, Malekifard F and Yakhchali M (2024).
PLoS Negl Trop Dis.
PubMed:
38885188

Sugars and phenols in carob tree fruits from different producing countries: A short review.

Review
Correia PJ and Pestana M (2024).
Heliyon.
PubMed:
38799736

Carob: A Mediterranean Resource for the Future.

Review
Martins-Loução MA, Correia PJ and Romano A (2024).
Plants (Basel).
PubMed:
38732403

Acaricidal Efficacy of Thirty-Five Egyptian Plants Against the Camel Tick, Hyalomma Dromedarii.

Khater HF et al (2024).
Acta Parasitol.
PubMed:
38671280

The Effect of Carob (Ceratonia Siliqua) on Sperm Parameters of Infertile Men: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Karaahmet AY, Gençtürk N and Kınık E (2024).
Reprod Sci.
PubMed:
38637477

First report of Phytophthora niederhauserii causing root rot of carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.) in Spain.

Francia C, Armengol J and Abad-Campos P (2024).
Plant Dis.
PubMed:
38537147

Nutritional, biochemical and health properties of Locust beans and its applications in the food industry: a review.

Review
Nasrallah K et al (2024).
J Food Sci Technol.
PubMed:
38410274

Corrigendum to "Protective effects of Ceratonia siliqua extract on protamine gene expression, testicular function, and testicular histology in doxorubicin-treated adult rats: An experimental study" [Int J Reprod BioMed 2020; 18: 667-682].

Mehdikhani H et al (2024).
Int J Reprod Biomed.
PubMed:
38370490

The Complete Genome Sequence of Ceratonia siliqua L. (Fabaceae, Fabales), Carob.

Summary

This study sequenced the entire genome of L and made the data publicly available. It could be useful for your lab's research and inform future experiments.

Chlyah O et al (2024).
Biodivers Genomes.
PubMed:
38283948

Improvement of camel milk-clotting: Usefulness of crude extract from green pods of carob (Ceratonia siliqua. L) as a substitute for commercial rennet.

Omrani A et al (2023).
Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand).
PubMed:
38158683

Immature carob pods extract and its fractions prevent lipid metabolism disorders and lipoprotein-rich plasma oxidation in mice: A phytochemical and pharmacological study.

Moumou M et al (2023).
J Ethnopharmacol.
PubMed:
38072291

Carob Extract (Ceratonia siliqua L.): Effects on Dyslipidemia and Obesity in a High-Fat Diet-Fed Rat Model.

Summary

Researchers investigated the effects of carob extract and simvastatin on rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. They found that the combination reduced weight gain, lowered cholesterol levels, increased adiponectin, decreased leptin, and improved liver health. Carob may have potential in treating dyslipidemia and obesity.

Rašković A et al (2023).
Pharmaceutics.
PubMed:
38004588

Major Pathogens Affecting Carob in the Mediterranean Basin: Current Knowledge and Outlook in Italy.

Review
Castello I, Polizzi G and Vitale A (2023).
Pathogens.
PubMed:
38003821

Effects of Carob Extract on the Intestinal Microbiome and Glucose Metabolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Summary

Carob, a Mediterranean tree pod, is rich in fiber, vitamins, and minerals. It has potential health benefits including anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory properties. This study explores carob extract's effect on gut health and glucose metabolism, potentially leading to new functional foods for managing chronic illnesses.

Meta-Analysis Gastroenterology
Micheletti C et al (2023).
Clin Ter.
PubMed:
37994761

Bioprotection of Olive Trees Against Verticillium Wilt by Pomegranate and Carob Extracts.

Antón Domínguez BI et al (2023).
Plant Dis.
PubMed:
37933148

Assessing the biodiversity and the impact of pollinators on carob production.

Varnava AI, Manganaris GA and Stavrinides MC (2023).
PLoS One.
PubMed:
37862335

Aridity Gradients Shape Intraspecific Variability of Morphological Traits in Native Ceratonia siliqua L. of Morocco.

Kassout J et al (2023).
Plants (Basel).
PubMed:
37836187

Phenolic compounds profile of macerates of different edible parts of carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.) using UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS(E): Phytochemical screening and biological activities.

Summary

Scientists prepared and analyzed extracts from locust bean pulp and gum, identifying 76 phenolic compounds. The extracts showed antimicrobial activity and strong antioxidant properties, making them potential natural alternatives for medicinal industry additives.

Djebari S et al (2023).
Fitoterapia.
PubMed:
37797792

Exploring Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.): A Comprehensive Assessment of Its Characteristics, Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemical Aspects, and Pharmacological Activities.

Summary

Study: The carob tree has various medicinal properties and is used in traditional medicine. It contains compounds with antihypertensive, antidepressant, anti-obesity, and antihyperglycemic activities. This review explores the taxonomy, traditional uses, and biological properties of the carob tree (L.).

Dahmani W et al (2023).
Plants (Basel).
PubMed:
37765467

Impact of carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) pulp inclusion and warm season on gastrointestinal morphological parameters, immune-redox defences and coccidiosis in concentrate-fed light lambs.

Pelegrin-Valls J et al (2023).
Res Vet Sci.
PubMed:
37639805

Colour Stability, Fatty Acid Profile, and Lipid Oxidation in Meat Stored in Modified Atmosphere Packaging from Light Lambs Fed with Concentrate with Carob Pulp (Ceratonia siliqua L.).

Bottegal DN et al (2023).
Antioxidants (Basel).
PubMed:
37627477

Biological Activities of Ceratonia siliqua Pod and Seed Extracts: A Comparative Analysis of Two Cretan Cultivars.

Kavvoura DA et al (2023).
Int J Mol Sci.
PubMed:
37569477

Pharmacological bioactivity of Ceratonia siliqua pulp extract: in vitro screening and molecular docking analysis, implication of Keap-1/Nrf2/NF-ĸB pathway.

El-Zeftawy M and Ghareeb D (2023).
Sci Rep.
PubMed:
37500735

Nutritional, biochemical, and clinical applications of carob: A review.

Review
Ikram A et al (2023).
Food Sci Nutr.
PubMed:
37457186

Linking Colorimetric Variation with Non-Volatile and Volatile Components of Carob Flour.

Antoniou C et al (2023).
Foods.
PubMed:
37444294

Exploring the Multi-Faceted Potential of Carob (Ceratonia siliqua var. Rahma) Leaves from Morocco: A Comprehensive Analysis of Polyphenols Profile, Antimicrobial Activity, Cytotoxicity against Breast Cancer Cell Lines, and Genotoxicity.

Summary

The Carob tree, also known as "L'Kharrûb" in Morocco, has been traditionally used for treating various ailments. To understand its properties, we analyzed the chemical composition of the ethanolic extract of carob leaves (CSEE) and conducted several tests. The CSEE extract, rich in phenolic acids and flavonoids, exhibited potent antioxidant activity, comparable to ascorbic acid. It also showed broad-spectrum antibacterial activity but moderate effectiveness against fungi. Additionally, the extract demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of human breast cancer cell lines. At lower concentrations, it did not induce DNA damage, but a higher concentration showed genotoxic effects. Computational analysis predicted potential biological activities and evaluated the toxicity of the extract's constituents. This research provides valuable insights into the medicinal properties of the Carob tree.

Elbouzidi A et al (2023).
Pharmaceuticals (Basel).
PubMed:
37375787

Ceratonia siliqua L. Pod Extract: From Phytochemical Characterization to Liposomal Formulation and Evaluation of Behaviour in Cells.

De Luca M et al (2023).
Antioxidants (Basel).
PubMed:
37371939

Ceratonia siliqua pods (Carob) methanol extract alleviates doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic pathways in rats.

Atta AH et al (2023).
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int.
PubMed:
37341944

Human sperm parameter improvement associated with Ceratonia siliqua extract as a cryopreservation supplement after vitrification.

Farazmand T et al (2023).
Clin Exp Reprod Med.
PubMed:
37258101

Optimization of Carob Products Preparation for Targeted LC-MS/MS Metabolomics Analysis.

Deda O et al (2023).
Metabolites.
PubMed:
37233685

Physiological responses of three field-grown species (Ceratonia siliqua, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, and Moringa oleifera) to water deficits in a Mediterranean semi-arid climate.

Ezzine H et al (2023).
Sci Rep.
PubMed:
36941350

Antioxidant/protective effects of carob pod (Ceratonia siliqua L.) water extract against deltamethrin-induced oxidative stress/toxicity in zebrafish larvae.

Ünal E et al (2023).
Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol.
PubMed:
36822298

Ceratonia siliqua L improved cryodamage of asthenozoospermic specimens: An experimental study.

Javanmard F, Bidmeshkipour A and Ghasemian Yadegari J (2023).
Int J Reprod Biomed.
PubMed:
36819209

Direct foliar acquisition of desert dust phosphorus fertilizes forest trees despite reducing photosynthesis.

Starr M, Klein T and Gross A (2023).
Tree Physiol.
PubMed:
36795040

Structural and Physiological Traits of Compound Leaves of Ceratonia siliqua Trees Grown in Urban and Suburban Ambient Conditions.

Papadopoulou S et al (2023).
Plants (Basel).
PubMed:
36771599

Aqueous extract of Ceratonia siliqua L. leaves elicits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and AChE inhibiting effects in amyloid-β42-induced cognitive deficit mice: Role of α7-nAChR in modulating Jak2/PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin cascade.

Summary

Researchers investigated the effects of Ceratonia siliqua extract on Alzheimer's disease (AD) in mice. AD is caused by several factors including neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and amyloid buildup. Mice injected with amyloid-β42, a protein involved in AD, were treated with the extract. The extract improved brain function and reduced AD symptoms, including inflammation and oxidative stress. Researchers found that the extract works by modulating specific pathways, which are involved in AD, in an α7-nAChR-dependent manner. The study suggests that Ceratonia siliqua could be a promising treatment for AD.

El Sayed NS et al (2023).
Phytother Res.
PubMed:
36760217

Evaluation of The Effects of Carob (Ceratonia Siliqua L.) Fruits on the Puberty of Rats.

Kılınç Uğurlu A et al (2023).
J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol.
PubMed:
36597761

The Effect of Ceratonia siliqua Supplement on Bone Mineral Density in Ovariectomy-induced Osteoporosis in Rats.

Neri AA et al (2023).
In Vivo.
PubMed:
36593044

Process Optimization of Phytoantioxidant and Photoprotective Compounds from Carob Pods (Ceratonia siliqua L.) Using Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction Method.

Ayad R et al (2022).
Molecules.
PubMed:
36557933

Carob Seed Peels Effect on Cognitive Impairment and Oxidative Stress Status in Methionine-Induced Mice Models of Schizophrenia.

Summary

Carob seed peels (CSP) were orally administered to mice to evaluate their impact on the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Behavioral tests were performed, and oxidative stress levels were evaluated by analyzing antioxidant enzyme levels. Both extracts showed remarkable antioxidant activity and proved to enhance cognitive impairment in animal models of schizophrenia while confirming the correlation between oxidative stress and psychiatric disorders. The study highlights the use of natural antioxidants in the improvement of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia.

Lakkab I et al (2022).
Brain Sci.
PubMed:
36552121

Anti-Toxoplasma Activities of Some Egyptian Plant Extracts: An In Vitro Study.

Elazab ST and Arafa FM (2022).
Acta Parasitol.
PubMed:
36309926

Effect of feeding carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) pulp powder to broiler chicken on growth performance, intestinal microbiota, carcass traits, and meat quality.

Mahmoudi S et al (2022).
Poult Sci.
PubMed:
36252501

Carob extract induces spermatogenesis in an infertile mouse model via upregulation of Prm1, Plzf, Bcl-6b, Dazl, Ngn3, Stra8, and Smc1b.

Ghorbaninejad Z et al (2023).
J Ethnopharmacol.
PubMed:
36209951

Ceratonia siliqua leaves ethanol extracts exert anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects.

Summary

Ethanol extracts of L. leaves can alleviate pain by blocking pain signals. The plant also has various other benefits like neuroprotection, lowering blood pressure, and reducing inflammation.

Alqudah A et al (2022).
Heliyon.
PubMed:
36090223

Vicariance Between Cercis siliquastrum L. and Ceratonia siliqua L. Unveiled by the Physical-Chemical Properties of the Leaves' Epicuticular Waxes.

Pereira RFP et al (2022).
Front Plant Sci.
PubMed:
35860538

Lipid-Lowering Effects of Carob Extracts (Ceratonia siliqua): Proposed Mechanisms and Clinical Importance.

Nemet M, Vasilić M and Tomas A (2022).
Front Pharmacol.
PubMed:
35847051

Therapeutic potential of Ceratonia siliqua extract for the management of asthma and hypertension.

Summary

This study investigated the therapeutic effects of Carob pods on asthma and hypertension. The plant extract showed bronchorelaxant and vasorelaxant properties, and was safe to use without any adverse effects.

Hamid I et al (2022).
Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand).
PubMed:
35818277

The first use of morphologically isolated arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi single-species from Moroccan ecosystems to improve growth, nutrients uptake and photosynthesis in Ceratonia siliqua seedlings under nursery conditions.

Outamamat E et al (2022).
Saudi J Biol Sci.
PubMed:
35531245

Corrosion Inhibition of Carob Pod Pulp (Ceratonia siliqua L.) on Carbon Steel Surface C38 in Hydrochloric Acid.

Review
Ghazi I et al (2022).
J Bio Tribocorros.
PubMed:
35043082

Multivariate optimization approach applied to natural polymers from Ceratonia siliqua L. and Moringa oleifera Lam as coagulating/flocculating agents.

Bazzo FP et al (2022).
Environ Technol.
PubMed:
34125659

Effect of Ceratonia siliqua L. extract on DNA Fragmentation of Sperm in Adult Male Mice Treated with Cyclophosphamide.

Mehraban Z et al (2021).
Reprod Sci.
PubMed:
33481219

Ceratonia siliqua (Carob) extract improved in vitro development of vitrified-warmed mouse germinal vesicle oocytes: assessment of possible mechanism.

Faramarzi A et al (2021).
Cell Tissue Bank.
PubMed:
33052521

Extract from Ceratonia siliqua Exhibits Depigmentation Properties.

Lall N et al (2015).
Phytother Res.
PubMed:
26201055