Gardenia jasminoides

Common Names: Cape jasmine

Ethnobotanical Studies

Studies

Geniposide ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice by inhibiting TGF-β/Smad and p38MAPK signaling pathways.

Yin JB et al (2024).
PLoS One.
PubMed:
39240867

Gardenia jasminoides Ellis. Polysaccharides Alleviated Cholestatic Liver Injury by Increasing the Production of Butyric Acid and FXR Activation.

Wang T et al (2024).
Phytother Res.
PubMed:
39237123

Geniposide for treating atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a systematic review on its biological characteristics, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology.

Summary

Geniposide from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis shows potential in managing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease by reducing inflammation, improving lipid metabolism, and preventing thrombosis. It also has antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects. This review outlines its pharmacological mechanisms and clinical applications.

Review Cardiology
Li D et al (2024).
Chin Med.
PubMed:
39164773

Geniposide exerts the antidepressant effect by affecting inflammation and glucose metabolism in a mouse model of depression.

Summary

Geniposide from gardenia jasminoides shows promise as an antidepressant by regulating arachidonic acid and glucose metabolism, reducing inflammation in depressed mice. This could lead to improved therapeutic options for depression.

Chen G et al (2024).
Chem Biol Interact.
PubMed:
39098740

PACAP/VIP in the prefrontal cortex mediates the rapid antidepressant effects of zhizichi decoction.

Summary

ZZCD, a traditional Chinese medicine, is safer and exhibits quicker antidepressant effects compared to Gardenia jasminoides alone. Its mechanism involves the activation of prefrontal PACAP/VIP.

Ren L et al (2024).
J Ethnopharmacol.
PubMed:
39084272

Geniposide alleviates heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in mice by regulating cardiac oxidative stress via MMP2/SIRT1/GSK3β pathway.

Summary

Geniposide (GE) from Gardenia Jasminoides reduces cardiac oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and metabolic disturbances in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) models. It targets MMP2/SIRT1/GSK3β pathway, showing potential as a treatment for HFpEF.

Han YL et al (2024).
Acta Pharmacol Sin.
PubMed:
39060523

Advances in the mechanisms of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis in improving diabetes and its complications.

Summary

Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (Zhi-zi) has potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, promotes insulin secretion, and protects against diabetes complications. Useful for diabetes treatment and prevention.

Review Diabetes
Zhang F et al (2024).
Fitoterapia.
PubMed:
39053745

Molecular mechanism of geniposide against ANIT-induced intrahepatic cholestasis by integrative analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics.

Zhang J et al (2024).
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol.
PubMed:
39052058

Unveiling molecular mechanisms of pigment synthesis in gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides) fruits through integrative transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis.

Li K et al (2024).
Food Chem (Oxf).
PubMed:
38973987

Geniposide dosage and administration time: Balancing therapeutic benefits and adverse reactions in liver disease treatment.

Qiu J et al (2024).
Phytomedicine.
PubMed:
38968789

Construction of an explanatory model for predicting hepatotoxicity: a case study of the potentially hepatotoxic components of Gardenia jasminoides.

Yang Q et al (2024).
Drug Chem Toxicol.
PubMed:
38938098

Genipin Activates Autophagy and Promotes Myoblast Differentiation by Activating AMPK Pathway.

Li J et al (2024).
J Agric Food Chem.
PubMed:
38807430

Geniposide effectively safeguards HT22 cells against Aβ-induced damage by activating mitophagy via the PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway.

Xi Ye J et al (2024).
Biochem Pharmacol.
PubMed:
38762146

Geniposide ameliorates atherosclerosis by restoring lipophagy via suppressing PARP1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Lin J et al (2024).
Phytomedicine.
PubMed:
38614041

Optimized therapeutic potential of Yinchenhao decoction for cholestatic hepatitis by combined network meta-analysis and network pharmacology.

Luo S et al (2024).
Phytomedicine.
PubMed:
38583348

Oxidative Stress in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3 and Its Attenuation by Herbal Remedies in Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Systematic Review.

Summary

Herbal remedies in traditional Chinese medicine show promise in managing SCA3 by targeting oxidative stress. Preclinical studies support their therapeutic roles, suggesting potential alternative treatments to delay disease progression.

Review Immunology
Mohd Hisam NS and Wong KH (2024).
Antioxidants (Basel).
PubMed:
38539908

Extract of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Glycolipid Metabolism Disorder in Rats by Targeting Gut Microbiota and TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB Pathway.

Lv C et al (2024).
Antioxidants (Basel).
PubMed:
38539827

Geniposide from Gardeniae Fructus exerts antipyretic effect in febrile rats through modulating the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Li M et al (2024).
J Ethnopharmacol.
PubMed:
38387681

Molecular Characterization of an Isolate of Bean Common Mosaic Virus First Identified in Gardenia Using Metatranscriptome and Small RNA Sequencing.

Xu ZT et al (2024).
Plant Pathol J.
PubMed:
38326960

A fused hybrid enzyme of 8-hydroxygeraniol oxidoreductase (8HGO) from Gardenia jasminoides and iridoid synthase (ISY) from Catharanthus roseus significantly enhances nepetalactol and iridoid production.

Liu H et al (2024).
Planta.
PubMed:
38319463

Neuropharmacological insights into Gardenia jasminoides Ellis: Harnessing therapeutic potential for central nervous system disorders.

Summary

Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (GJE) is a plant used in traditional medicine in China. Recent studies show it is effective for treating Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and major depressive disorder. However, more research is needed.

Hou Z et al (2024).
Phytomedicine.
PubMed:
38301302

Advanced quality assessment of Sanshishi (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis) and Kampo medicines using a monoclonal antibody against geniposide.

Noguchi K et al (2024).
Fitoterapia.
PubMed:
38278422

Geniposide improves depression-like behavior in prenatal stress male offspring through restoring HPA axis- and glucocorticoid receptor-associated dysfunction.

Summary

Study investigated effects of geniposide (GE) on depression-like behavior in prenatal stress-induced male mice. GE had antidepressant effects and may be a potential treatment for prenatal stress-related mental health issues in offspring.

Ma Y et al (2024).
Life Sci.
PubMed:
38232800

Correction: Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis extract alleviated white matter damage through promoting the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells via suppressing neuroinflammation.

Summary

The study showed that an extract could protect and repair white matter damage in the brain. This is important because it promotes the differentiation of brain cells and reduces inflammation, which can have implications for treating neurological conditions.

Zang C et al (2024).
Food Funct.
PubMed:
38205631

Integrated serum pharmacochemistry and investigation of the anti-influenza A virus pneumonia effect of Qingjin Huatan decoction.

Liu M et al (2024).
J Ethnopharmacol.
PubMed:
38185258

Study on anti-inflammatory effect of Shangkehuangshui in vitro and in vivo based on TLR4/TLR2-NF-κB signaling pathway.

Summary

Shangkehuangshui is a traditional Chinese medicine used for treating injuries. Despite its effectiveness, we still don't know how it works.

Zhang B et al (2024).
J Ethnopharmacol.
PubMed:
38181931

Geniposide attenuates muscle atrophy via the inhibition of FoxO1 in senescence-accelerated mouse prone-8.

Choi PG et al (2023).
Phytomedicine.
PubMed:
38103316

The Importance of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Intervention and Treatment of HIV while Considering its Safety and Efficacy.

Shahrajabian MH and Sun W (2023).
Curr HIV Res.
PubMed:
38047360

Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis extract attenuates memory impairment in rats with Alzheimer's disease by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome.

Summary

Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis extract (GJ-4) showed neuroprotective effects in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by reducing AD-like behaviors, apoptosis, and inflammation in the hippocampus. GJ-4 has potential as a drug for treating AD.

Wang Y et al (2023).
Brain Res.
PubMed:
38000495

Therapeutic effect of yinchenhao decoction on cholelithiasis via mucin in the gallbladder and intestine.

Liu W et al (2023).
Fitoterapia.
PubMed:
37967772

Integration of Deep Learning and Sequential Metabolism to Rapidly Screen Dipeptidyl Peptidase (DPP)-IV Inhibitors from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis.

Liu H et al (2023).
Molecules.
PubMed:
37959800

A comprehensive review of ethnopharmacology, chemical constituents, pharmacological effects, pharmacokinetics, toxicology, and quality control of gardeniae fructus.

Review
Wang L et al (2023).
J Ethnopharmacol.
PubMed:
37956915

Simultaneous extraction of crocin and geniposide from gardenia fruits (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis) by probe-type ultrasound-assisted natural deep eutectic solvents and their inhibition effects on low density lipoprotein oxidation.

Gan Y et al (2023).
Ultrason Sonochem.
PubMed:
37913593

Zhi Zi Chi decoction (Gardeniae fructus and semen Sojae Praeparatum) attenuates anxious depression via modulating microbiota-gut-brain axis in corticosterone combined with chronic restraint stress-induced mice.

Summary

The researchers investigated how a traditional herbal formula called Zhi Zi Chi decoction (ZZCD) regulates the microbiota-gut-brain axis in treating anxious depression. Understanding these mechanisms could lead to improved treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders.

Tian X et al (2023).
CNS Neurosci Ther.
PubMed:
37905694

Gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis) fruit: a critical review of its functional nutrients, processing methods, health-promoting effects, comprehensive application and future tendencies.

Review
Jin C et al (2023).
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr.
PubMed:
37882781

Health oil preparation from gardenia seeds by aqueous enzymatic extraction combined with puffing pre-treatment and its properties analysis.

Jin C et al (2023).
Food Sci Biotechnol.
PubMed:
37860735

Multi-omics analysis reveals the molecular basis of flavonoid accumulation in fructus of Gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis).

Summary

Researchers analyzed the genetic and metabolic makeup of gardenia fruits at different stages of growth, uncovering a network that controls the production of beneficial compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. This study identifies important genes involved in flavonoid synthesis.

Chen J et al (2023).
BMC Genomics.
PubMed:
37794356

Apoptotic activity of genipin in human oral squamous cell carcinoma in vitro by regulating STAT3 signaling.

Summary

Genipin, a compound from Gardenia jasminoides fruit, inhibits growth of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells by inducing apoptosis via caspase-dependent pathway and reducing STAT3 phosphorylation. It may be a potential therapeutic option for OSCC treatment.

Park DG et al (2023).
Cell Biochem Funct.
PubMed:
37792550

Whole-genome resequencing analysis of the medicinal plant Gardenia jasminoides.

Summary

Chinese medicinal plant, with high value and genetic diversity, lacks sufficient study on its genetic diversity. Understanding its genetic diversity is important for medicinal and economic purposes.

Xu X et al (2023).
PeerJ.
PubMed:
37744244

Genipin, a natural blue colorant precursor: Source, extraction, properties, and applications.

Review
Ahmed R et al (2023).
Food Chem.
PubMed:
37741231

Zhizi-Chuanxiong herb pair alleviates atherosclerosis progression in ApoE(-/-) mice by promoting the methylation of FGFR3 to inhibit MAPK/ERK-mediated apoptosis.

Summary

Gardenia Fructus and Chuanxiong Rhizoma, traditional Chinese medicines, were studied for treating atherosclerosis. They were found to have vascular protective effects, detoxify and activate blood, with potential implications for new AS treatments.

Zhang Y et al (2023).
J Ethnopharmacol.
PubMed:
37716492

Identification strategy of Fructus Gardeniae and its adulterant based on UHPLC/Q-orbitrap-MS and UHPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS combined with PLS regression model.

Zhang X et al (2023).
Talanta.
PubMed:
37703778

A countercurrent chromatography solvent system based on deep eutectic solvents for separation of cis- and trans-crocetin from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis.

Wen L et al (2023).
J Sep Sci.
PubMed:
37691120

Comprehensive Metabolite Identification of Genipin in Rats Using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with High Resolution Mass Spectrometry.

Summary

A study identified 50 genipin metabolites in rats, showing that these metabolites can be reabsorbed into the body. This helps understand their pharmacological effects and safety evaluations.

Cui Z et al (2023).
Molecules.
PubMed:
37687136

LC-MS methods combination for identification and quantification of trans-sinapoylquinic acid regioisomers in green coffee.

Colomban S et al (2023).
J Mass Spectrom.
PubMed:
37604679

Bidirectional effects of geniposide in liver injury: Preclinical evidence construction based on meta-analysis.

Zeng X et al (2023).
J Ethnopharmacol.
PubMed:
37598771

Rapid extraction of bioactive compounds from gardenia fruit using new and recyclable deep eutectic solvents.

Wen L et al (2023).
J Sep Sci.
PubMed:
37496306

Mechanochemical synthesis of cysteine-gum acacia intermolecular complex for multiple metal(loid) sequestration from herbal extracts.

Xu W et al (2023).
Chemosphere.
PubMed:
37482312

Qinzhizhudan formula dampens inflammation in microglia polarization of vascular dementia rats by blocking MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway: Through integrating net-work pharmacology and experimental validation.

Summary

The effectiveness of the Qinzhizhudan Formula (QZZD) in treating vascular dementia (VD) is still unclear, requiring further research to understand its potential therapeutic effects and mechanism of action.

Chen CA et al (2023).
J Ethnopharmacol.
PubMed:
37400007

Transcriptome and metabolome analysis revealed the changes of Geniposide and Crocin content in Gardenia jasminoides fruit.

Xu X et al (2023).
Mol Biol Rep.
PubMed:
37392282

Qingjin Huatan decoction protects mice against influenza a virus pneumonia via the chemokine signaling pathways.

Liu M et al (2023).
J Ethnopharmacol.
PubMed:
37336335

Elucidation of Geniposide and Crocin Accumulation and Their Biosysnthsis-Related Key Enzymes during Gardenia jasminoides Fruit Growth.

Zhang L et al (2023).
Plants (Basel).
PubMed:
37299188

Hippocampal pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide mediates rapid antidepressant-like effects of Yueju pill.

Summary

Yueju pill, a Chinese Medicine, up-regulates PACAP to activate PKA-CREB signaling and produce rapid antidepressant effects. Mice with hippocampal PACAP knockdown exhibited depression-like behavior and blunted antidepressant response. Administration of Yueju pill increased PACAP and PKA levels, and reversed depression-like behavior in chronically stressed mice. Iridoids fraction of Gardenia jasminoides was identified as an important component of Yueju pill with rapid antidepressant-like behavior through increased hippocampal PACAP expression. The study suggests that up-regulation of PACAP may represent a novel mechanism for antidepressant effects.

Ren L et al (2023).
Neuropeptides.
PubMed:
37285664

An intelligent extraction approach of feature information from three-dimensional DAD chromatogram for integrated quality control of traditional Chinese medicines: Gardenia jasminoides root as an example.

Zhang H et al (2023).
Anal Methods.
PubMed:
37212251

Fabrication of a bioconjugated dual-functional SERS probe for facile compound screening and detection.

Zhang D et al (2023).
Biosens Bioelectron.
PubMed:
37163878

Geniposide ameliorates atherosclerosis by regulating macrophage polarization via perivascular adipocyte-derived CXCL14.

He P et al (2023).
J Ethnopharmacol.
PubMed:
37149071

Genipin Analogue (G300) Inhibits Adipogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells through the Suppression of Adipogenic Promoting Factors.

Boonmuen N et al (2023).
J Nat Prod.
PubMed:
37137165

Effective Therapeutic Verification of Crocin I, Geniposide, and Gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis) on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus In Vivo and In Vitro.

Zhou H et al (2023).
Foods.
PubMed:
37107463

Identification, quantitative and bioactivity analyses of aroma and alcohol-soluble components in flowers of Gardenia jasminoides and its variety during different drying processes.

Yu R et al (2023).
Food Chem.
PubMed:
37060668

Systematic review on the anxiolytic and hypnotic effects of flower extracts in in vivo pre-clinical studies published from 2010 to 2020.

Summary

Researchers conducted a systematic review of scientific articles published between 2010 and 2020 that evaluated the anxiolytic, sedative, and/or hypnotic effects of flower extracts in pre-clinical animal models. They found that some flower extracts have an anxiolytic effect comparable to diazepam, but their therapeutic utility in anxiety disorders needs more investigation. The study compiled the characteristics of anxiety studies in animal models, evaluated locomotor activity, and the hypnotic effect of the extracts. The study revealed that matricaria chamomilla had a sedative effect, and 23 other flower plants had anxiolytic effects. However, more reliable behavioral tests and better experimental designs are needed to obtain more conclusive evidence with clinical significance.

Meneses C et al (2023).
Phytother Res.
PubMed:
37039741

First Report of Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne enterolobii on Antirrhinum majus in China.

Lu XH et al (2023).
Plant Dis.
PubMed:
37018210

Geniposide prevents tumor growth by inhibiting colonic interleukin-1β and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 via down-regulated expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and thymocyte selection-associated high mobility box proteins TOX/TOX2 in azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice.

Kimura Y, Sumiyoshi M and Taniguchi M (2023).
Int Immunopharmacol.
PubMed:
37011499

Topical Administration of Gardenia jasminoides Extract Regulates Th2 Immunity in OVA-Induced Mice.

Park SH et al (2023).
Cells.
PubMed:
36980282

Crocin Attenuates NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by Inhibiting Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species and Ameliorates Monosodium Urate-Induced Mouse Peritonitis.

Sangare R et al (2023).
Curr Issues Mol Biol.
PubMed:
36975504

Gardenia jasminoides Extract, with a Melatonin-like Activity, Protects against Digital Stress and Reverses Signs of Aging.

De Tollenaere M et al (2023).
Int J Mol Sci.
PubMed:
36902379

Quantitative proteomics reveals the therapeutic effects of RFAP against depression via pathway regulation of long-term depression and potentiation.

Wu Y et al (2023).
Heliyon.
PubMed:
36873540

Network pharmacology-based analysis on geniposide, a component of gardenia jasminoides, beneficial effects to alleviate LPS-induced immune stress in piglets.

Shan Z et al (2023).
Int Immunopharmacol.
PubMed:
36863144

Geniposide-rich Gardenia jasminoides Ellis fruit extract increases healthspan in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Choi PG et al (2023).
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci.
PubMed:
36821434

Cutting Off H(+) Leaks on the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane: A Proton Modulation Approach to Selectively Eradicate Cancer Stem Cells.

Park M et al (2023).
J Am Chem Soc.
PubMed:
36745678

Pathway network-based quantitative modeling of the time-dependent and dose-response anti-inflammatory effect of Reduning Injection.

Xie F et al (2023).
J Ethnopharmacol.
PubMed:
36736714

N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor 2A functionalized stationary phase: A reliable method for pursuing potential ligands against Alzheimer's disease from natural products.

Summary

This study looked at developing a new way to identify drugs that target a specific receptor involved in Alzheimer's disease. The receptor, called NMDA-2A, plays a role in brain development. The researchers wanted to find natural products that could selectively interact with this receptor, hopefully leading to new drugs for Alzheimer's disease. Their approach could help identify potential treatments that are more precise and effective.

Chen YY et al (2023).
CNS Neurosci Ther.
PubMed:
36708133

Metabolite Profiling of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis In Vitro Cultures with Different Levels of Differentiation.

Krasteva G et al (2022).
Molecules.
PubMed:
36558039

Antidepressant-like effects of geniposide in chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced mice by regulating the circ_0008405/miR-25-3p/Gata2 and Oip5os1/miR-25-3p/Gata2 networks.

Summary

Geniposide (GP) is a compound found in Gardenia jasminoides Ellis that has been found to have anti-depressive activities. Researchers investigated the anti-depressive mechanism of GP in mice with depression-like behaviors induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). GP administration was found to reduce depression-like behaviors in CUMS mice, with transcriptome sequencing identifying Gata2 as a target. GP was found to regulate the circ_0008405/miR-25-3p/Gata2 and Oip5os1/miR-25-3p/Gata2 crosstalk networks, which could lead to potential antidepressant-like effects on CUMS mice.

Zhao Y et al (2023).
Phytother Res.
PubMed:
36515407

Bioaccumulation and emission of organophosphate esters in plants affecting the atmosphere's phosphorus cycle.

Long S et al (2023).
Environ Pollut.
PubMed:
36503012

Huangqin Qingre Qubi Capsule inhibits RA pathology by binding FZD8 and further inhibiting the activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Zhou W et al (2023).
J Ethnopharmacol.
PubMed:
36336221

The ignored risk: heavy metal pollution of medicine and food homologous substances.

Huang Y et al (2023).
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int.
PubMed:
36215018

Rapid screening of antioxidant from natural products by AAPH-Incubating HPLC-DAD-HR MS/MS method: A case study of Gardenia jasminoides fruit.

Zhuang GD et al (2023).
Food Chem.
PubMed:
36116299

Essential Oils of Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis and Gardenia jasminoides f. longicarpa Z.W. Xie & M. Okada Flowers: Chemical Characterization and Assessment of Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Alveolar Macrophage.

Zhang N, Bian Y and Yao L (2022).
Pharmaceutics.
PubMed:
35631552

Gardenia jasminoides Ellis polysaccharide ameliorates cholestatic liver injury by alleviating gut microbiota dysbiosis and inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Fang S et al (2022).
Int J Biol Macromol.
PubMed:
35176320

Identification and functional characterization of three iridoid synthases in Gardenia jasminoides.

Xu C et al (2022).
Planta.
PubMed:
35118554

Role of Herbal Medicines in the Management of Brain Injury.

Summary

This review evaluated studies on the role of herbal medicines in managing brain injury. Researchers searched various databases and found 32 studies with medicinal plants like Ginkgo biloba and olive that showed significant improvements in brain injury. The plants worked through different mechanisms, such as reducing free radicals and nitric oxide toxicity and increasing neuronal density. The review summarized the neuroprotective actions and molecular mechanisms of each plant. Overall, herbal medicines show promise in preventing and managing brain injury.

Safdari MR et al (2021).
Adv Exp Med Biol.
PubMed:
34981485

Inflammatory Response and Oxidative Stress as Mechanism of Reducing Hyperuricemia of Gardenia jasminoides-Poria cocos with Network Pharmacology.

Liu L et al (2021).
Oxid Med Cell Longev.
PubMed:
34917234

Gardenia jasminoides Attenuates Allergic Rhinitis-Induced Inflammation by Inhibiting Periostin Production.

Pyun BJ et al (2021).
Pharmaceuticals (Basel).
PubMed:
34681210

Gardenia jasminoides J.Ellis extract GJ-4 alleviated cognitive deficits of APP/PS1 transgenic mice.

Summary

GJ-4, a traditional Chinese medicine extract, has neuroprotective effects on cognitive impairments in Alzheimer's disease mouse models. However, the mechanism behind this is unclear. Previous studies indicate that traditional Chinese medicines can effectively treat various diseases by acting on multiple targets.

Zang C et al (2021).
Phytomedicine.
PubMed:
34607163