Humulus lupulus

Common Names: common hop, common hops, hops

Ethnobotanical Studies

Clinical Trials

Effect of Humulus lupulus L. (Hop) on Postmenopausal Sexual Dysfunction: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Vahedpoorfard Z et al (2023).
Int J Clin Pract.
PubMed:
37101856

Effects of a hops (Humulus lupulus L.) dry extract supplement on self-reported depression, anxiety and stress levels in apparently healthy young adults: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover pilot study.

Kyrou I et al (2017).
Hormones (Athens).
PubMed:
28742505

Studies

Detection and molecular characterization of a novel mitovirus associated with Passiflora edulis Sims.

Santos YS et al (2024).
Arch Virol.
PubMed:
39222118

Evaluation of In Vitro-Derived Hop Plantlets, cv. Columbus and Magnum, as Potential Source of Bioactive Compounds.

Leto L et al (2024).
Antioxidants (Basel).
PubMed:
39199155

Insight into the Interaction of Humulus lupulus L. Specialized Metabolites and Gastrointestinal Bitter Taste Receptors: In Vitro Study in STC-1 Cells and Molecular Docking.

Lela L et al (2024).
J Nat Prod.
PubMed:
39126694

GC-MS and Sensory Analysis of Aqueous Extracts of Monovarietal American Hops, Produced Using the Synergy Pure™ Extraction Technique.

Tripodi G et al (2024).
Foods.
PubMed:
39123645

Characterization of the key aroma compounds in different varieties of hops by application of the Sensomics approach.

Ou Z et al (2024).
Food Chem.
PubMed:
39094342

Analysis of chemical and genetic variability in wild hop (Humulus lupulus L.) populations of Kosovo.

Salihu B et al (2024).
Plant Biol (Stuttg).
PubMed:
39087602

Vapochromic wool fibers for hazardous ammonia detection using xanthohumol biomolecule from natural extract of common hop (Humulus lupulus L.).

Khattab TA et al (2024).
Int J Biol Macromol.
PubMed:
39069051

Influence of the drying process of Cascade hop and the dry-hopping technique on the chemical, aromatic and sensory quality of the beer.

Monacci E et al (2024).
Food Chem.
PubMed:
39068805

Effect of Xanthohumol from Humulus lupulus L. Against Gouty Bone Damage in Arthritis of Rats Induced by Mono-sodium Urate.

Han J et al (2024).
Cell Biochem Biophys.
PubMed:
39033477

Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) extract reverts glycaemic imbalance and cognitive impairment in an animal model of obesity.

Summary

Researchers found that hop bitter acids from hops improved lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in obese mice, stabilizing glycemia levels and weight gain while enhancing antioxidant capacity and brain health. This suggests potential benefits for managing obesity-related complications and cognitive decline.

Alves MDR et al (2024).
Food Funct.
PubMed:
38961720

Separate and Combined Effects of Supplemental CO(2), Gibberellic Acid, and Light on Hop Quality and Yield.

Bauerle WL et al (2024).
Plants (Basel).
PubMed:
38931102

Effect of Xanthohumol, a Bioactive Natural Compound from Hops, on Adenosine Pathway in Rat C6 Glioma and Human SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cell Lines.

Tejero A, León-Navarro DA and Martín M (2024).
Nutrients.
PubMed:
38892725

Analysis of Thermal Characteristics of Potato and Hop Pollen for Their Cryopreservation and Cross-Breeding.

Faltus M et al (2024).
Plants (Basel).
PubMed:
38891386

How deprotonation of cohumulone and colupulone influence their UV/Vis and CD spectrum.

Petek A, Bren U and Hostnik G (2024).
Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc.
PubMed:
38865884

Turn-on mode probe based on the sustainable xanthohumol extract for the efficient viscosity response in a liquid system.

Xu L et al (2024).
RSC Adv.
PubMed:
38836167

Simultaneous quantification of terpenes and cannabinoids by reversed-phase LC-APCI-MS/MS in Cannabis sativa L. samples combined with a subsequent chemometric analysis.

Raeber J et al (2024).
Anal Bioanal Chem.
PubMed:
38795214

Nanofibrous ε-Polycaprolactone Matrices Containing Nano-Hydroxyapatite and Humulus lupulus L. Extract: Physicochemical and Biological Characterization for Oral Applications.

Villanueva-Lumbreras J et al (2024).
Polymers (Basel).
PubMed:
38732727

Unveiling the phenology and associated floral regulatory pathways of Humulus lupulus L. in subtropical conditions.

Gutiérrez RM et al (2024).
Planta.
PubMed:
38727772

Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry as a Tool for the Untargeted Study of Hop and Their Metabolites.

Resende GAP et al (2024).
Metabolites.
PubMed:
38668365

Xanthohumol, a prenylated chalcone, regulates lipid metabolism by modulating the LXRα/RXR-ANGPTL3-LPL axis in hepatic cell lines and high-fat diet-fed zebrafish models.

Gao WY et al (2024).
Biomed Pharmacother.
PubMed:
38615609

Plant-Assisted Synthesis of Ag-Based Nanoparticles on Cotton: Antimicrobial and Cytotoxicity Studies.

Summary

Ag-based nanoparticles were synthesized using plant extracts on cotton fabric, showing excellent antifungal and antibacterial activity. Stable and non-toxic, they are promising for medical applications.

Krkobabić A et al (2024).
Molecules.
PubMed:
38611727

Evaluation of the Protoscolicidal Activity of Humulus lupulus Methanolic Extracts on Echinococcus granulosus Sensu Stricto.

Albani CM et al (2024).
Evid Based Complement Alternat Med.
PubMed:
38605998

Updating the Knowledge on the Secretory Machinery of Hops (Humulus lupulus L., Cannabaceae).

Ramos FP et al (2024).
Plants (Basel).
PubMed:
38592855

A hypothesis-based hop microbiology laboratory module testing the plausibility of the mythical origin of the India Pale Ale.

Molina Pineda J, Scholes AN and Lewis JA (2024).
J Microbiol Biol Educ.
PubMed:
38591892

Xanthohumol-A Miracle Molecule with Biological Activities: A Review of Biodegradable Polymeric Carriers and Naturally Derived Compounds for Its Delivery.

Review
Oledzka E et al (2024).
Int J Mol Sci.
PubMed:
38542371

A droplet vitrification cryopreservation protocol for conservation of hops (Humulus lupulus) genetic resources.

Malhotra EV et al (2024).
Cryobiology.
PubMed:
38493975

Quantification of Hop-Derived Bitter Compounds in Beer Using Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry.

Summary

Quantified 60 bitter compounds in hops using LC-MS/MS method. Found differences in dry-hopped vs. non-dry-hopped beer profiles. Shows how brewing techniques affect beer bitterness. Important for hop-forward beer production.

Teng CE et al (2024).
J Am Soc Mass Spectrom.
PubMed:
38422384

The Antimicrobial Potential of the Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) Extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Oral Streptococci.

Summary

Hop extract shows strong antimicrobial activity against oral bacteria, including MRSA. Contains flavonoids and phloroglucides that increase antibiotic efficiency. Promising for oral care and potentiating traditional antimicrobials.

Khaliullina A et al (2024).
Pharmaceuticals (Basel).
PubMed:
38399377

Synergistic Anticancer Activity of Plumbagin and Xanthohumol Combination on Pancreatic Cancer Models.

Summary

Plumbagin and xanthohumol combo shows strong anticancer activity in pancreatic cancer models by affecting BCL2 levels, leading to increased survival in mice. Potential new treatment option.

Palanisamy R et al (2024).
Int J Mol Sci.
PubMed:
38397018

Characteristics and Antimicrobial Activities of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Obtained via Mixed-Mode Chemical/Biogenic Synthesis Using Spent Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) Extracts.

Summary

Researchers synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles using spent hops extracts, evaluated their antioxidant properties, and found that modification with DMSO extract improved antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Important for potential applications in antimicrobial and biomedical fields.

Flieger J et al (2024).
Antibiotics (Basel).
PubMed:
38391497

Whole genome sequencing and characterization of Pantoea agglomerans DBM 3797, endophyte, isolated from fresh hop (Humulus lupulus L.).

Patakova P et al (2024).
Front Microbiol.
PubMed:
38389535

Gut enterotype-dependent modulation of gut microbiota and their metabolism in response to xanthohumol supplementation in healthy adults.

Summary

Xanthohumol (XN), a compound in hops, has health benefits. A study found that XN does not significantly change gut microbiota composition, but does affect individual taxa and bile acid metabolism in an enterotype-dependent way. Individual responses to XN vary, suggesting personalized effects on gut health.

Jamieson PE et al (2024).
Gut Microbes.
PubMed:
38358253

Humulus lupulus aqueous extract and hydrolate as a potential ingredient for cosmetics: Chemical characterization and in vitro antimicrobial, cytotoxicity, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory assessment.

Summary

Humulus lupulus extracts contain various molecules with antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, such as polyphenols, α-acids, β-acids, and hydrocarbons. Understanding these components helps harness the plant's medicinal benefits.

Valente J et al (2024).
Fitoterapia.
PubMed:
38354824

Xanthohumol, a prenylated flavonoid from hops (Humulus lupulus L.) exerts multidirectional pro-healing properties towards damaged zebrafish hair cells by regulating the innate immune response.

Kasica N and Kaleczyc J (2024).
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol.
PubMed:
38211931

Antiviral Activity and Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Hops Compounds against Oropouche Virus (Peribunyaviridae).

Summary

This study explored compounds from hops as potential antiviral therapies against the Oropouche virus. The beta acids showed the strongest inhibitory potential in post-treatment assays, and xanthohumol showed high affinity for the virus. Lys92 and Arg33 had the highest affinity with the protein.

Mandova T et al (2023).
Pharmaceutics.
PubMed:
38140109

Insight into the aroma quality of 'Callista' cultivar of hop (Humulus lupulus L.): Impact of harvest timing, year, and location.

Hagemann MH et al (2024).
Food Res Int.
PubMed:
38129004

Semi-synthesis and in vitro anti-cancer effects evaluation of novel xanthohumol derivatives.

Summary

Xanthohumol derivatives were tested for their ability to kill cancer cells. Compound 8 was the most effective, inhibiting cell migration and inducing apoptosis. It could potentially be a promising anti-cancer treatment.

Sun X et al (2023).
Mol Divers.
PubMed:
38064107

Compounds derived from Humulus lupulus inhibit SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease and virus replication.

Summary

Compounds from the hop plant, including xanthohumol, have strong antiviral effects. XN specifically shows promise in inhibiting the main protease of SARS-CoV-2. This could be valuable for developing potential treatments against COVID-19.

Herzog AM et al (2023).
Phytomedicine.
PubMed:
37976697

An affordable and convenient diagnostic marker to identify male and female hop plants.

Clare SJ et al (2023).
G3 (Bethesda).
PubMed:
37963231

Green Extraction of Antioxidant Fractions from Humulus lupulus Varieties and Microparticle Production via Spray-Drying.

Ferreira-Anta T et al (2023).
Foods.
PubMed:
37893773

ECHOPvir: A Mixture of Echinacea and Hop Extracts Endowed with Cytoprotective, Immunomodulatory and Antiviral Properties.

Summary

Scientists developed a mixture of plant extracts that showed potential in preventing and treating viral respiratory diseases. The mixture exhibited antioxidant, cytoprotective, immunomodulating, and antiviral properties. Activation of Nrf2 may contribute to its cytoprotective effects. Further studies are needed to explore its nutraceutical applications.

Percaccio E et al (2023).
Nutrients.
PubMed:
37892456

Carlavirus Species Infecting Hop Plants in Italy: Molecular Identification and Phylogenetic Analyses of the Detected Isolates.

Luigi M et al (2023).
Plants (Basel).
PubMed:
37836254

Antioxidant Activity of Different Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) Genotypes.

Summary

Study finds differences in antioxidant activity of hop extracts from different genotypes, no correlation with chemical components. Compound interactions have greater influence on activity than individual compounds.

Kolenc Z et al (2023).
Plants (Basel).
PubMed:
37836176

Affinity- and activity-based probes synthesized from structurally diverse hops-derived xanthohumol flavonoids reveal highly varied protein profiling in Escherichia coli.

Webber LC et al (2023).
RSC Adv.
PubMed:
37829707

Host-plant phenology mediates facultative ant mutualism in the rare butterfly, Celastrina humulus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae).

Mooney EH et al (2023).
Environ Entomol.
PubMed:
37827520

Metabolomic Approach Based on Analytical Techniques for the Detection of Secondary Metabolites from Humulus lupulus L. Dried Leaves.

Taiti C et al (2023).
Int J Mol Sci.
PubMed:
37762036

Structure and genetic diversity of Canadian Maritimes wild hops.

Somalraju A et al (2023).
Genome.
PubMed:
37738664

Novel Brazilian hop (Humulus lupulus L.) extracts through supercritical CO(2) extraction: Enhancing hop processing for greater sustainability.

Pinto MBC et al (2023).
Food Res Int.
PubMed:
37689922

Phytochemical characterisation and aromatic potential for brewing of wild hops (Humulus lupulus L.) from Northern France: Towards a lead for local hop varieties.

Paguet AS et al (2023).
Food Chem.
PubMed:
37678125

Extraction of Polyphenols from Slovenian Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) Aurora Variety Using Deep Eutectic Solvents: Choice of the Extraction Method vs. Structure of the Solvent.

Metaj I et al (2023).
Plants (Basel).
PubMed:
37631102

Analysis of Safety Concerns on Herbal Products with Assumed Phytoestrogenic Activity.

Tjeerdsma AM et al (2023).
Pharmaceuticals (Basel).
PubMed:
37631050

Anti-Coccal Activity and Composition of the Essential Oils and Methanolic Extracts Obtained from Brewing Quality Humulus lupulus L. Hop Pellets.

Piasecki B, Biernasiuk A and Ludwiczuk A (2023).
Pharmaceuticals (Basel).
PubMed:
37631012

A Combination of Polymethoxyflavones from Citrus sinensis and Prenylflavonoids from Humulus lupulus Counteracts IL-1β-Induced Differentiated Caco-2 Cells Dysfunction via a Modulation of NF-κB/Nrf2 Activation.

Restivo I et al (2023).
Antioxidants (Basel).
PubMed:
37627616

Development of a New Micropropagation Protocol and Transfer of In Vitro Plants to In Vivo Conditions for Cascade Hop.

Iacuzzi N et al (2023).
Plants (Basel).
PubMed:
37571031

Xanthohumol hinders invasion and cell cycle progression in cancer cells through targeting MMP2, MMP9, FAK and P53 genes in three-dimensional breast and lung cancer cells culture.

Summary

Xanthohumol (XN) is a compound that can potentially fight breast and lung cancer. This study explores its effects using a unique 3D cell culture technique.

Gholizadeh Siahmazgi Z et al (2023).
Cancer Cell Int.
PubMed:
37533078

First report of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum causing Sclerotinia wilt of hop (Humulus lupulus) in Poland.

Czarnecka D, Skomra U and Korbecka-Glinka G (2023).
Plant Dis.
PubMed:
37526490

Stepwise Targeted Matching Strategy for Comprehensive Profiling of Xanthohumol Metabolites In Vivo and In Vitro Using UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap Mass Spectrometer.

Yuan X et al (2023).
Molecules.
PubMed:
37446828

Do Curdlan Hydrogels Improved with Bioactive Compounds from Hop Exhibit Beneficial Properties for Skin Wound Healing?

Nurzynska A et al (2023).
Int J Mol Sci.
PubMed:
37373441

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of the mediator complex subunits MED5a and MED5b genes impaired secondary metabolite accumulation in hop (Humulus lupulus).

Awasthi P et al (2023).
Plant Physiol Biochem.
PubMed:
37354728

Identification of quantitative trait loci associated with R1-mediated resistance to powdery mildew and sex determination in hop (Humulus lupulus L.).

Havill JS et al (2023).
Theor Appl Genet.
PubMed:
37318664

Humulus lupulus and microbes: Exploring biotic causes for hop creep.

Review
Young J, Oakley WRM and Fox G (2023).
Food Microbiol.
PubMed:
37290874

Optimization and validation of singleplex and multiplex RT-qPCR for detection of citrus bark cracking viroid (CBCVd), hop latent viroid (HLVd), and hop stunt viroid (HSVd) in hops (Humulus lupulus L.).

Guček T, Jakše J and Radisek S (2023).
Plant Dis.
PubMed:
37261880

Identification of colupulone and lupulone as the main contributors to the antibacterial activity of hop extracts using activity-guided fractionation and metabolome analysis.

Li Y et al (2023).
Food Res Int.
PubMed:
37254407

Breast cancer prevention with liquiritigenin from licorice through the inhibition of aromatase and protein biosynthesis in high-risk women's breast tissue.

Summary

Licorice root extract, specifically Glycyrrhiza inflata (GI), shows promise in preventing breast cancer in high-risk postmenopausal women. This natural product has high aromatase inhibition potency, which is important for suppressing estrogen and preventing cancer growth. Phytoestrogens found in licorice, such as liquiritigenin, also inhibit aromatase and reduce uterine growth in vivo. Liquiritigenin further decreases RNA translation, protein biosynthesis, and metabolism in breast tissue, and slows down cell proliferation. These findings suggest that liquiritigenin could be an effective preventive measure for breast cancer in high-risk postmenopausal women.

Hajirahimkhan A et al (2023).
Sci Rep.
PubMed:
37253812

Identification and fungicide control of Bipolaris sorokiniana causing leaf spot and blight on common hop (Humulus lupulus) in Korea.

Liu H, Park S and Sang H (2023).
Plant Dis.
PubMed:
37189044

From Hop to Beer: Influence of Different Organic Foliar Fertilisation Treatments on Hop Oil Profile and Derived Beers' Flavour.

Rodolfi M et al (2023).
Plants (Basel).
PubMed:
37176918

First Report of Colletotrichum fioriniae Infecting Hop (Humulus lupulus) in Michigan.

Hatlen RJ et al (2023).
Plant Dis.
PubMed:
37172977

Environmental and Agronomic Factors That Impact the Regional Identity of Cascade and Mosaic® Hops Grown in the Pacific Northwest.

Féchir M et al (2023).
J Sci Food Agric.
PubMed:
37129999

Extraction of hops pelletized (Humulus lupulus) with subcritical CO(2) and hydrodistillation: Chemical composition identification, kinetic model, and evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.

Fischer B et al (2023).
Food Res Int.
PubMed:
37087215

Preparation of green colorimetric pH sensor using Humulus lupulus L. (common hop) biomolecular extract for sweat monitoring.

Alorabi AQ et al (2023).
Luminescence.
PubMed:
37081595

Impact of Infection Timing and Autumnal Fungicide Applications on Perennation of Pseudoperonospora humuli and Severity of Hop Downy Mildew.

Claassen B and Gent DH (2023).
Plant Dis.
PubMed:
37079010

Chemical compositions and sleep-promoting activities of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) varieties.

Min B et al (2023).
J Food Sci.
PubMed:
37038885

Addition of Hop (Humulus Lupulus L.) Bitter Acids Yields Modification of Malt Protein Aggregate Profiles during Wort Boiling.

Pinto MBC et al (2023).
J Agric Food Chem.
PubMed:
36989404

The multifaceted roles of R2R3 transcription factor HlMYB7 in the regulation of flavonoid and bitter acids biosynthesis, development and biotic stress tolerance in hop (Humulus lupulus L.).

Mishra AK et al (2023).
Plant Physiol Biochem.
PubMed:
36958151

First report of halo blight on hop (Humulus lupulus) caused by Diaporthe humulicola in Minnesota.

Havill JS et al (2023).
Plant Dis.
PubMed:
36948225

A comprehensive review of the benefits of drinking craft beer: Role of phenolic content in health and possible potential of the alcoholic fraction.

Tirado-Kulieva VA et al (2023).
Curr Res Food Sci.
PubMed:
36935850

A retrospective evaluation of hops ingestion in 177 dogs (2005-2018).

Becker J et al (2023).
J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio).
PubMed:
36908194

The Stability of Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) Resins during Long-Period Storage.

Rutnik K, Ocvirk M and Košir IJ (2023).
Plants (Basel).
PubMed:
36840283

An improved assembly of the "Cascade" hop (Humulus lupulus) genome uncovers signatures of molecular evolution and refines time of divergence estimates for the Cannabaceae family.

Padgitt-Cobb LK et al (2022).
Hortic Res.
PubMed:
36818366

Conventional and innovative extraction technologies to produce food-grade hop extracts: Influence on bitter acids content and volatile organic compounds profile.

Santarelli V et al (2023).
J Food Sci.
PubMed:
36789873

Effects of intraduodenal or intragastric administration of a bitter hop extract (Humulus lupulus L.), on upper gut motility, gut hormone secretion and energy intake in healthy-weight men.

Bitarafan V et al (2023).
Appetite.
PubMed:
36781111

Humulus lupulus L. Extract Protects against Senior Osteoporosis through Inhibiting Amyloid β Deposition and Oxidative Stress in APP/PS1 Mutated Transgenic Mice and Osteoblasts.

Xia T et al (2023).
Molecules.
PubMed:
36677642

Phytotherapy of mood disorders in the light of microbiota-gut-brain axis.

Summary

Research has revealed potential herbal medicines for treating mild mood disorders, but with unclear active components. The microbiota-gut-brain axis offers new avenues for treatment and prevention of mood disorders.

Korczak M et al (2023).
Phytomedicine.
PubMed:
36641978

Beyond brewing: β-acid rich hop extract in the development of a multifunctional polylactic acid-based food packaging.

Arruda TR et al (2023).
Int J Biol Macromol.
PubMed:
36565824

Resilience of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) to salinity, heat and drought stresses: A mini-review.

Review
Marceddu R, Carrubba A and Sarno M (2022).
Front Plant Sci.
PubMed:
36531342

Humulus lupulus L. a potential precursor to human health: High hops craft beer.

Review
González-Salitre L, Guillermo González-Olivares L and Antobelli Basilio-Cortes U (2023).
Food Chem.
PubMed:
36435101

Nobiletin and xanthohumol counteract the TNFα-mediated activation of endothelial cells through the inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Corrado C et al (2023).
Cell Biol Int.
PubMed:
36378586

Multivariate analysis of chemical and genetic diversity of wild Humulus lupulus L. (hop) collected in situ in northern France.

Paguet AS et al (2023).
Phytochemistry.
PubMed:
36370882

Compound of Cynanchum wilfordii and Humulus lupulus L. Ameliorates Menopausal Symptoms in Ovariectomized Mice.

Kang HG et al (2023).
Reprod Sci.
PubMed:
36333646

Xanthohumol properties and strategies for extraction from hops and brewery residues: A review.

Review
Vicente de Andrade Silva G et al (2023).
Food Chem.
PubMed:
36283308

The Hop Cyst Nematode, Heterodera humuli: History, Distribution, and Impact on Global Hop Production.

Darling E et al (2023).
Phytopathology.
PubMed:
36053666

Medicinal Herbs in the Relief of Neurological, Cardiovascular, and Respiratory Symptoms after COVID-19 Infection A Literature Review.

Summary

COVID-19 can cause neurological complications, including anxiety, depression, MAD, and irreversible dementia, which can harm respiratory, circulatory, and heart function. Clinical trials suggest that phytotherapy, using natural plant materials like valeranon and apigenin, can aid these conditions. The study presents plant materials and their active compounds that can reduce post-COVID-19 complications, particularly those impacting the nervous system.

Nawrot J et al (2022).
Cells.
PubMed:
35741026

Safety and efficacy of a super critical carbon dioxide extract of Humulus lupulus L. flos when used as a feed flavouring for all animal species.

EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) et al (2018).
EFSA J.
PubMed:
32625735

Hops.

Review
(2021).
PubMed:
30000893

Treating primary insomnia - the efficacy of valerian and hops.

Review
Salter S and Brownie S (2010).
Aust Fam Physician.
PubMed:
20628685

Formulations of dietary supplements and herbal extracts for relaxation and anxiolytic action: Relarian.

Review
Weeks BS et al (2009).
Med Sci Monit.
PubMed:
19865069