Nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity following star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) ingestion: a narrative review.
Star fruit toxicity can cause both kidney and neurological problems, especially in individuals with prior renal impairment. A review of ten case series and 28 case reports found that acute oxalate nephropathy with tubulointerstitial nephritis or tubular necrosis was common. Neurotoxicity manifestations ranged from hiccups to status epilepticus. The main substances causing nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity were oxalate and caramboxin, which inhibits GABA binding and activates glutamatergic receptors. Early detection and renal replacement therapy can improve outcomes. Animal studies shed light on the underlying mechanisms of toxicity.
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- Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg.
- PubMed:
- 33693950