Computational Evaluation of Azadirachta indica-Derived Bioactive Compounds as Potential Inhibitors of NLRP3 in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.

The search for alternatives to amyloid-β (Aβ) drugs for Alzheimer's disease (AD) has led to the NLRP3 inflammasome as a potential target. This inflammasome is involved in innate immunity and neuroinflammation, contributing to AD pathophysiology. Targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome may offer a new avenue for AD therapy.

Ishabiyi FO et al (2023).

J Alzheimers Dis.

DOI:

10.3233/JAD-221020

PubMed:

36683510

Protective effect of Gastrodia elata blume ameliorates simulated weightlessness-induced cognitive impairment in mice.

In a study investigating the effects of microgravity on cognitive function, Gastrodia elata Blume (GEB) was found to have a significant protective effect on memory decline. Mice receiving daily treatment with GEB and Huperzine A showed improved learning and memory, associated with changes in biochemical markers and protein expressions in the hippocampus. The study suggests that GEB may have potential uses in preventing memory decline associated with long-term spaceflight and other conditions.

Chen F et al (2023).

Life Sci Space Res (Amst).

DOI:

10.1016/j.lssr.2022.10.001

PubMed:

36682818

Crocetin antagonizes parthanatos in ischemic stroke via inhibiting NOX2 and preserving mitochondrial hexokinase-I.

Researchers have discovered that crocetin, a natural antioxidant found in saffron, can counteract the process of programmed cell death, known as parthanatos, during an ischemic stroke. They found that crocetin reduces the production of reactive oxygen species and poly (ADP-ribose), both associated with parthanatos, at early stages of the process, and prevents the degradation of hexokinase-I, which helps maintain mitochondrial function, at later stages. The study suggests that crocetin may be a potential drug candidate for preventing and treating ischemic stroke.

Wu H et al (2023).

Cell Death Dis.

DOI:

10.1038/s41419-023-05581-x

PubMed:

36681688

Nutritional supplement and dietary interventions as a prophylaxis or treatment of sub-concussive repetitive head impact (SRHI) and mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI): A systematic review.

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and sub-concussive repetitive head impacts (SRHIs) can cause acute and chronic symptoms. A systematic review of 15 studies on human subjects identified omega-3 fatty acids ( -3FA) as the most effective supplement for neurotrauma prevention in athletes exposed to SRHIs. Melatonin and curcumin may have benefits for persistent post-concussion symptoms. The review suggests that more multi-center studies are necessary to determine the efficacy of these supplements. Future studies should assess both novel and additional interventions examined in this review to bring more evidence to the growing field of nutritional and dietary interventions for SRHI and mTBI.

Feinberg C et al (2023).

J Neurotrauma.

DOI:

10.1089/neu.2022.0498

PubMed:

36680752

Advances in Anti-Diabetic Cognitive Dysfunction Effect of Erigeron Breviscapus (Vaniot) Hand-Mazz.

Gu S et al (2022).

Pharmaceuticals (Basel).

DOI:

10.3390/ph16010050

PubMed:

36678547

Presenilin 1 Modulates Acetylcholinesterase Trafficking and Maturation.

Researchers studied the glycosylation patterns of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). They found that active and inactive forms of AChE have different glycosylation patterns, and that sAD patients have reduced binding to terminal mannoses compared to non-demented controls, while fAD patients that carry PSEN1 mutations have higher binding. The study also found that PS1 modulates trafficking and maturation of AChE in Golgi regions favoring the presence of active forms in the membrane. These findings provide insight into the role of AChE glycosylation in AD and its potential as a therapeutic target.

Cortés-Gómez MÁ et al (2023).

Int J Mol Sci.

DOI:

10.3390/ijms24021437

PubMed:

36674948

Actaea racemosa L. Rhizome Protect against MPTP-Induced Neurotoxicity in Mice by Modulating Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation.

A natural compound found in L. rhizome may alleviate symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) by reducing oxidative stress and modulating inflammatory indicators involved in the disease, according to a study on an in vivo model. Mice with PD were treated with L. rhizome for seven days, and the treatment reduced the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and improved motor and non-motor deficits. L. rhizome may offer a promising dietary supplement to improve brain health and slow the course and symptoms of PD.

Cordaro M et al (2022).

Antioxidants (Basel).

DOI:

10.3390/antiox12010040

PubMed:

36670902

Effect of Avena sativa (Oats) on cognitive function: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

Researchers studied the effect of Avena sativa (oat extracts) on cognitive function in healthy adults. The results were inconclusive and further research is needed to determine the true effect of polyphenol-rich diets or supplements on cognitive function.

Jibril AT et al (2023).

Clin Nutr ESPEN.

DOI:

10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.12.011

PubMed:

36657906